Which of the following is a sign of malnutrition in a patient?

• A. Cachectic
• B. Diaphoresis
• C. Febrile
• D. Alert and oriented

Answer: (A)

Cachexia refers to a state of extreme weight loss and muscle wasting, typically associated with chronic illnesses such as cancer or chronic infections. It is a clear sign that the body is not receiving or utilizing nutrients effectively, which directly ties into malnutrition. Cachexia not only signifies a lack of adequate nutrition but also often reflects metabolic changes in the body, indicating a more severe underlying health issue.

The other options do not specifically signify malnutrition. Diaphoresis refers to excessive sweating, which could occur due to various conditions but does not indicate nutritional status. Febrile means having a fever, which suggests inflammation or infection but also does not directly relate to nutritional deficits. Being alert and oriented indicates a patient's mental status is clear and engaged, which proves that someone may still maintain cognitive function and awareness despite potential nutritional issues. Thus, the most representative sign of malnutrition in this context is indeed cachexia.